Bruxism affects the masticatory muscles and occlusion as tremendous forces transmit to teeth and surrounding tissues that may lead to teeth wear, hypersensitivity and even looseness. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as well as the stomatognathic system is also affected by this habit leading to temporal headache and sleep apnea. The soft tissues exhibit indentation of …
Tempromandibular dysfunction (TMD) syndrome has become more apparent during and after orthodontic treatment, and more patients attend dental practices suffering from this painful condition. Since it is difficult to know whether TMD pain is completely attributed it to orthodontic therapy or to other subclinical disorders, it is essential to do systematic screening of the tempromandibular …